Hymn to Life

There were no American lions. No pygmy mammoths left

or giant short-faced bears, which towered over ten feet high

when rearing up on their haunches. There were no stout-

legged llamas, stilt-legged llamas, no single Yukon horse. The last

of the teratorns, its wingspan broader than the room in

which I’m writing now, had long since landed on a tar pit’s

surface and was lost. There might be other things to think of

strobing in the fume or sometimes poking through the thick of it

like the tiny golden toads once so prevalent in the cloud

forests north of Monteverde, only none of them were living

anywhere anymore. The last was seen on May 15, 1989, the week

Bon Jovi’s “I’ll Be There for You” topped Billboard’s Hot 100.

Then it dropped to three. A teratorn might have fit in here

the long way come to think of it. A study claims it wasn’t

climate change that killed the golden toad but a fungal epidemic

provoked by cyclical weather patterns. Little things like that

had a way of disappearing: thimbles, the Rocky Mountain

grasshopper, half the hearing in my patient ear. There were

no Eastern elk, no sea mink, and no heath hens, a distinct

subspecies of the prairie chicken. Once common to the coastal

barrens of New Hampshire down to Virginia, they’re often thought

to have been eaten in favor of wild turkey at the inaugural

Thanksgiving feast. To work on my character I pretend to be

traveling Portsmouth to Arlington in modern garb at first,

then backwards into costumes of the past: tee shirt and shorts,

gray flannel suit, a cutaway jacket and matching breeches

tucked into boots, taupe velvet getup with ruffles and ribbons

streaming into Delaware till I’m buckled like a Puritan, musket

in hand, not half-famished, and there’s plenty of heath hens

everywhere I look. But there were still no Carolina parakeets

and no Smith Island cottontails, a long contested subspecies

of the Eastern cottontail. These lost rabbits, somewhat shaggier

than their mainland cousins, were named for the barrier

island off the tip of Virginia’s Eastern Shore, where Thomas Dale,

deputy governor of the Virginia Colony, set up a salt works

back in 1614, and not for the Chesapeake’s other Smith Island

up in Maryland, birthplace of the Smith Island cake, that state’s

only official dessert — a venerable confection whose pencil-

thin layers, numbering eight to twelve on average, lie divided

by a fudge-like frosting cooked for greater lastingness, making it

suitable for local oystermen to take with them on the long

autumn harvest. Smith Island in Washington offers nesting

sites for tufted puffins on its rocky cliff faces as well as rest

stations for migrant sea lions. Situated in Long Island Sound,

Connecticut’s Smith Island is among that state’s famed Thimble

Islands, a cluster of landmasses named for the thimbleberry,

cousin to the black raspberry. During the Revolutionary War,

the Thimbles were deforested to rid the sound of hiding

places for British ships. Alabama boasts no fewer than three

Smith Islands. Little can be said about the one in Minnesota’s

Voyageurs National Park. Its neighboring islands include

Rabbit, Snake, Wolf, Wigwam, Sweetnose, and Twin Alligator

down here on the American side, and Little Dry, Big, and Big Dry

up on the Canadian. Tomorrow should be 82° and sunny

but it won’t be. The blue pike cavorted through the waters

of the Great Lakes no longer. Ditto the somber blackfin cisco.

Overfishing, pollution, and the introduction of nonnative

species did both fish in as early as 1960 and ’70, respectively.

There were no spectacled cormorants, no Goff’s pocket gophers,

and no Ainsworth’s salamanders, a species known to us only

through two specimens found on Ainsworth family property

in Mississippi on June 12, 1964. That same day Nelson Mandela

was sentenced to life in prison. I remember the feeling of

another kind, the way they alternately lay limp in my hands

then pleaded to be free. They took naps in the dampness

of softened logs. There’s a fine dirt, a dust I guess, that collects

under the rug I’m sitting on. I think the rough weave of it

acts as rasp to our foot-bottoms then sieve to what it loosens.

There were no Caribbean monk seals, eight of which no less

than Christopher Columbus killed for food in 1494, and therefore

no Caribbean monk seal nasal mites, an objectively hideous

arachnoid parasite that resided nowhere but in the respiratory

passages of the Monachus tropicalis. When it occurs to me I

sweep it up. Back in the day they used to darken our skies

in flocks a mile wide and 300 miles in length, enough to feather

the air from Fall River down to Philadelphia, their peak

population hovering above five billion, or 40% of the total

roll of  birds in North America, but there were no remaining

passenger pigeons, the last of their red eyes having shut

in Cincinnati on September 1, 1914. Her name was Martha.

Martha Washington went by Patsy as a child. Her pet raccoon

was Nosey. Cozumel Island’s pygmy raccoon is actually a distinct

species and not, like the Barbados raccoon, a subspecies

of the common. There might be as few as 250 of the former

hidden in the mangroves or prowling the wetlands for ghost

crabs and lizards, whereas the latter was last seen in ’64

when one was struck dead by a car in Bathsheba, a fishing village

built on Barbados’s eastern shore, magnet for hurricanes

and pro surfers, its foamy white waters calling to mind

the milk baths rumored to have kept Solomon’s mother so

perilously beautiful. First the milk’s lactic acid would have

acted as an exfoliant, gently removing layers of the dead,

dry skin to uncover younger, fresher skin waiting like artwork

in Dunkirk underneath, then the milk’s natural fat content

would restore moisture lost to the exacting atmosphere

of biblical Jerusalem, whose name in Hebrew, yireh shalem,

means “will see peace.” Most versions of the story make her

into an exhibitionist but the Midrash says Bathsheba, modest,

was washing behind a wicker screen when Satan, seizing

opportunity, appeared as a red bird to David who, cocksure

with projectiles now, aimed the stone in his hands at the bird

but hit the screen instead, splitting it in half and thereby

revealing our bather, the wife of Uriah the Hittite at the time

but not for much longer. All these gains and losses, so mysterious

from a distance, held together it has felt by nothing stronger

than momentum, like a series of bicycle accidents or a pattern

in the pomegranate, come to hint at a logic in time, but whether

it’s more fitting to say that they promise to reveal it or else

threaten to is debatable. Attempts to stem the vast mosquito

population in salt marshes abutting Kennedy Space Center

on Florida’s Merritt Island, technically a peninsula but more like

a question mark of land flopped into the Atlantic, devastated

the dusky seaside sparrow. Its last known specimen died

on June 17, 1987, when the ballad “Always” by Atlantic Starr

dominated radio. Mosquitoes would have taken to the nasty

Olduvai water hole around which two clans of hominids battle

at the start of Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey. This is after

the first monolith shows up. The film’s monoliths are artifacts

of alien origin, identical in ratio but varying in size, designed

to provoke large-scale changes in human life. As when it dawns

on the wiry leader of the clan the first monolith appears to

to bludgeon the other to death with a leg bone. Later on he hurls it

into the air to celebrate his power, the image of its tumbling

weaponhood at half-speed match-cutting to that of a long

white nuclear satellite angled in orbit against the scintillant

anthracite of space. Pan right to the Earth, a quarter of it silvery

blue in the corner, aloofly beautiful for sure but only a pale

idea of a planet when set beside photographs taken years later

by the crew of Apollo 17 on December 7, 1972, annus finalis

for the Lake Pedder earthworm, bush wren, and possibly

the Toolache wallaby as well, long considered among kangaroos

to have been the most elegant. The sapphire blue, the ochre

of Africa, the chalk-white spirals convolving as if an ice cap’s

wispy tentacles. They were killed for fur, sport, and frequently

with the aid of greyhounds, who hunt mostly by way of sight

as opposed to scent. Then the Earth is at the left as the satellite

approaches it almost dozily to the opening bars of Strauss’s

Blue Danube, first performed on February 15, 1867, in the now

defunct Diana Ballroom. In my own Diana Ballroom, named

not for the Roman goddess of the hunt, the moon, and chastity

directly, but by way of the two-kilometer lunar crater christened

in her honor in 1979, declivity in whose embrace my ballroom

trembles comfortably, I boost my chi by remembering to breathe

deep, to eat oatmeal, ginger, and figs, and to commit myself

to a custody of wildflowers, up to and including the maroon

perfume of the chocolate cosmos, a non-self-pollinating species

whose every plant now in bloom is a clone of the selfsame

specimen uprooted from a cubic foot of Mexico back in 1902.

Likewise the last known Rocky Mountain locust ever to appear

appeared alone that year on a prairie up in Canada, whereas

decades before a glistering storm of them blanketed an area

vast as California, matter-of-factly devouring buckwheat, barley,

strawberries, apple trees, fence posts, and even the laundry

wildly flapping away on the line, the sound of “millions of jaws

biting and chewing” setting a nation’s nerves on edge, or at least

Laura Ingalls Wilder’s, if we’re to believe her On the Banks

of Plum Creek, first of three books spectered by prototypical

beeotch Nellie Oleson. Cloudiness persists regarding the difference

between locust and grasshopper. Typically I keep a number

of soaps on hand and seem to know by instinct which of them

to reach for. In gingham and curls Nellie Oleson was played

by Alison Arngrim in the 1970s TV adaptation. The Wife of Bath

was also an Alyson. An Angrim is father to the outlaw Gorlim

in Tolkein’s Middle-earth mythos. They say to run the tap

as hot as you can stand. Fast forward a century to April 16, 2002,

and dance anthem “Hot in Herre” by Cornell Haynes Jr., better

known to us as Nelly, reaches number one and reigns there

seven weeks. Miss Oleson, elder offspring of the local retailer,

is based on no fewer than three distinct historical persons.

Produced by The Neptunes, “Hot in Herre” samples Neil Young’s

record “There’s a World” and lifts its hook from an infinitely

more upbeat “Bustin’ Loose” by Chuck Brown. Later on or earlier

in 2002, up a slope in dewy Mauna Loa, a Nelly somewhere

on the radio, the last pair of noncaptive Hawaiian crows flew

into the category known as “extinct in the wild.” “We are leaving,

we are gone,” Young sings wanly atop percussion and strings

courtesy of the London Symphony Orchestra. “Come with us

to all alone.” ’Alala is the word for the Hawaiian crow in Hawaiian.

No fewer than twenty ’alala chicks were hatched last year in

a breeding facility at San Diego Zoo. Jack Nitzsche coproduced

and also played piano. “Bustin’ loose to my love Jones,” declares

the late great Brown, dead in Baltimore mid-May of that year.

“Bustin’ loose to each his own.” He traded cigarettes for a guitar

while serving time in Virginia’s historic Lorton Reformatory.

An average daytime temperature of 89°. He was father to the style

of music known as go-go, so-called because the sound, Brown

was said to have said, “just goes and goes.” But there were no

dire wolves, no Florida black wolves, and no Texas reds,

although the red, morphologically midway between the gray

and the coyote, has been bred in captivity down on South Carolina’s

Bulls Island since 1987, year Tim Tebow was born and Andy

Warhol died. Likewise the year in which the films Precious, Fargo,

and American Psycho are set. “It can be hard to tell,” the Times

admits of the thousands who once posed for photographs in

the posture known as “Tebowing,” if they intended to celebrate

or to mock the quarterback for his much-publicized virtuous ways.

Nor were there any of the subspecies indigenous to Canada’s

Banks Island, Earth’s twenty-fourth largest island, upon which

the first confirmed wild hybrid of the polar bear and grizzly

was found and shot in 2006. The island also has the distinction

of its treelessness, and of being home to fleets of musk oxen.

Times I count myself among them if more comfortable in my bulk

I still can’t get around the funk of us. Our ancient mouths

set to decimating herbages. In times of risk we assume the O-

shaped formation around our wobbly young. A sense of calm

or guiltlessness blows in. Then it’s back to business with another

cup of coffee, hot beverage held to have been first drunk in

these parts in 1668, when frothy infusions of the slow-roasted bean

spiked with costly cinnamon sticks and honey grew popular

along New Amsterdam’s foggy docks. In tide pools to the north

eelgrass limpets affixed to eelgrass blithely at the time, unaware

an insidious slime mold campaign would in centuries inflict

catastrophe on their habitat, making them the first marine

invertebrate dissolved in the historical era, the last of its kind

plucked while the Bank of Manhattan Trust Building whistled up

past the Woolworth like a startled monk’s apocalyptic vision

of a cloud-bound train. It began in 1929. Sir Hubert Wilkins,

Arctic explorer, advocated in The Advertiser for submarine

technology as tomorrow’s answer to the Northwest Passage’s

pack ice question. Ice had heretofore kept a surface-travel route

troublingly out of reach, even after its putative discovery

by Sir Robert McClure, who on his eastward voyage spotted

from atop a windy Banks Island promontory the westmost

landmass mapped three decades earlier by Sir William Parry.

McClure later lent his name, understood to translate to “son of a

sallow lad,” to a lunar crater whose diameter spans over

twelve times that of Diana, but only a quarter that of the big

kahuna Tycho, where a second monolith appears. This one emits

a painful radio signal to a third, which orbits like an onyx

football field around Jupiter. Rewind 150 years and McClure’s

HMS Investigator, like a Musca domestica on a runway paved

with flypaper, has come to a full stop in the blind white grip of ice.

It felt like 1768. There were no Steller’s sea cows, the tame

kelp-nibbling cousins to the manatee, albeit double their size,

and there were no great auks. The last known pair of them

was claimed on July 3, 1844 by poachers hired by a merchant

itching for tchotchkes to ornament an office. Three long

winters later, rescue sledges bundled McClure and crew up

and sped them back to the claps of Britain. Soon Banks Island’s

musk ox population whittled down to nil as their flesh gave

way to the hungry Inuit who trekked up to 300 miles to strip

McClure’s abandoned ship before the ice crushed her completely,

folding her metals into Mercy Bay. “I took him by the neck

and he flapped his wings,” the poacher said. “He made no cry.”

Inuit shaped Investigator’s copper and iron into spear- and arrow-

heads as well as knife blades, chisels, and harpoons like those

depicted in lithographs in the mitts of seal hunters patiently

stationed at breathing holes in the ice. But there were no

broad-leaved centaury plants, no western sassafras, and no

Galapagos amaranth, cousin to the seabeach amaranth. Its tiny

spinach-like leaves once bounced along dunes from South

Carolina to Massachusetts till habitat loss, insensitive beach-

grooming tactics, and recreational vehicles slashed figures

drastically. When ice decides it must feel like being splintered

from a multiplex of tightness that pains but holds together.

Aerial shot of 1961. Year submarine thriller K-19 and Saving

Mr. Banks are set in. Kennedy is president. The cloud of a hundred

musk oxen migrating back to Banks Island rises plainly as

narrow-leafed campion, a handful of whose seeds had slept

30 millennia before being found in 2007 in a ruined system of

ground squirrel burrows. Surveys will report up to 800

heads in 1967 and a thousand more in 1970. All matter thunder-

cracking belowdecks: hoof of earth into water, water over

air, air under water and up. So that the vessel, broken, settles

onto sea stars on the floor. The seeds were sown successfully

under grow lights in Siberia, deep in whose permafrost

international high-fiving scientists discovered a fully intact

woolly mammoth carcass. To enlarge my sympathy I attempt

to picture the loud tarp tents around the digging site, the lamp-

lengths they putter away to, the costs. By 1994, estimates

on the island ran as high as 84,000, over half the musk oxen

alive at the time, but paging ahead five years we see numbers

speedily hunted back down to 58,000, or as many pounds

of “fine ground beef” called back by California’s Central Valley

Meat Company when “tiny pieces of plastic” were found

nestling in it like the voice of Katy Perry, whose hit “Roar”

was everywhere repeating we would hear it. “Called back,”

says Emily Dickinson’s epitaph. One scientist says to the other,

“What’s that?” The other says, “Do you feel it, Slovo? A certain

category of effect. Difficult to describe and yet a certain category

of effect is still possible. You’d think it would have wizened

in our atmosphere by now, or withdrawn in sickness or mere

tedium into the cold shell of itself in the manner of a what,

yes, a gastropod, the very figure of a recluse, secular of course,

anthropomorphic misnomer because its foot is not actually

its stomach, witness the oblong rocksnail, still another thought

extinct due to rampant habitat loss but no, not yet, Alabama

graduate student Nathan Whelan just now located a specimen

kayaking down the Cahaba River, misplaced modifier Slovo

it is the student in the kayak, not the snail, badum tish, but

amid the mist and as if against this vanishment of dodos a certain

category persists, not unlike a last known pair of Middlemist’s

Red camellia, a cultivar sent as rootstock to England from

China by John Middlemist in 1804.” Note: One is in a garden

in New Zealand, where the laughing owl is no longer, thanks

largely to cats. Its call has been described as “a loud cry

made up of a series of dismal shrieks frequently repeated,”

“a peculiar barking noise    ...    just like the barking of a young dog,”

“precisely the same as two men ‘cooeying’ to each other

from a distance,” and “a melancholy hooting note,” to quote

The Owl Pages, sweet dream of a website whose first FAQ asks,

“I’ve seen an owl, can you tell me what kind it is?” The other

Middlemist’s Red, long presumed barren, resides in a nursery

somewhere in Britain, and stalwart through its hardships,

it has begun to bloom again. The remains of the Investigator

found in 2010 were well preserved by the pristine cold waters

of the Canadian Arctic. And yet no one’s idea of red includes

the hue of Middlemist’s camellia, which is instead a true

pink, or some might even say a rose. Mallarmé would just say

“flower” and from oblivion there would arise musically a flower

absent from all bouquets. “Whoever reaches into a rosebush,”

Lou Andreas-Salomé supposed, “may seize a handful of flowers;

but no matter how many one holds, it’s only a small portion

of the whole. Nevertheless, a handful is enough to experience

the nature of the flowers. Only if we refuse to reach into the bush,

because we cannot possibly seize all the flowers at once, or if

we spread out our handful of roses as if it were the whole

bush itself — only then does it bloom apart from us, unknown

to us, and we are left alone.” Endangered coastal roses seek

some subtler way of putting it. “All the roses in the world,” Rilke

gushed to Salomé — whose Galilean namesake, it’s often over-

looked, didn’t desire the head of John the Baptist for herself but

was told to ask for it by her mother, Herodias, whose union

with Herod Antipas, at once her uncle and her brother-in-law,

John declared unlawful — “bloom for you and through you.”

Forget-me-nots bloom unhindered in Heidelberg, where Max Wolf

spied in 1905 a so-called “minor planet” he named 562 Salome.

That these odd bodies spatter the galaxy like pollen shaken

from a central flower, or like honeybees tumbling along with us

around the sun, I never knew until a visit to the Minor Planet

Center website at a turning point like April 1543. I think I saw

upwards of 3500 were spotted last month alone. “Nature is

an inexplicable problem,” Emily Brontë wrote in 1842 in French

in a confection titled “The Butterfly.” “It exists on a principle

of destruction.” Lepidopterists are scouring Florida’s pine forests

and gentle costal jungles on the trail of five butterfly species

feared as good as gone. They were never listed as endangered

and still aren’t known to be extinct. These are their names:

Zestos skipper. Rockland Meske’s skipper. Zarucco duskywing.

Bahamian swallowtail. Nickerbean blue. “I love you,” wrote Salomé,

“with all your harms,” who died in her sleep shortly after

the Gestapo destroyed her library, in her poem “Hymn to Life.”

Her friend Nietzsche liked the poem so much he set it to music.

I’ve listened to it and can’t say I like it but I’m listening to it

again as I try to finish. I promised Lynn I’d put the dishes away

before the babysitter arrives but it looks like I won’t be a person

of my word tonight. I had meant to write about the imperial

woodpecker of Mexico. The red gazelle. I told my friend Dottie

when saddened in the predawn I have seen the people pushing

small mountains of soda cans in their shopping carts stop

in front of my recycling, open one bag after another of empty

metal and glass, dig through them, take what they need and shut

the bags back up with so much care it has destroyed me. I remember

bathing my daughter when she was two and how I stopped

short thinking if I were gone tomorrow she wouldn’t even

remember. The year was 2007. Radio waves associated with

cell phones may not have been contributing to recent declines in

bee population. “And if you must destroy me,” says the poem,

“I’ll tear myself away from you / as I would leave a friend.”

When there was time to put away the dishes, they were gone.